-------------------------------------------------------- LIA_TAGG: a statistical POS tagger + syntactic bracketer -------------------------------------------------------- Copyright (C) 2001 FREDERIC BECHET .................................................................. This file is part of LIA_TAGG LIA_TAGG is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA .................................................................. Contact : FREDERIC BECHET - LIA - UNIVERSITE D'AVIGNON AGROPARC BP1228 84911 AVIGNON CEDEX 09 FRANCE frederic.bechet@lia.univ-avignon.fr .................................................................. -------- VERS 1.1 -------- ------ README ------ I : Content of the package LIA_TAGG II : Installation III : Useful scripts IV : An example V : Data format VI : Warning I - Content of the package LIA_TAGG ----------------------------------- Once you have uncompress and untar the file 'lia_tagg.tar.gz', a directory 'lia_tagg' is created, containing the following files and directories: - Makefile : compiling sources and data files of LIA_TAGG - README : this present file - /bin : directory which will contain the executable files - /data : directory containing the ressources for French and English tagging - /doc : documentation about LIA_TAGG as follows - /object : object files generated - /script : script command for using LIA_TAGG - /src : source files contained in the following directories - format : tokenization - libgram : n-gram LM - tagg : POS tagging + text accentuation - bracket : syntactic bracketing II - Installation ----------------- LIA_TAGG is composed of a set of modules all written in standard C, using only standard libraries. It has been successfully compiled on the following UNIX environments: - HP-UX - SUN-SOLARIS - IRIX - LINUX 1) To install the package, you must first set the environment variable: 'LIA_TAGG' with the path of the root directory 'lia_tagg'. For example, in c-shell: setenv LIA_TAGG /usr/tools/lia_tagg Then you have to set the language (French or English). To do so, set the environment variable 'LIA_TAGG_LANG' to either 'french' or 'english'. 2) Then edit the file 'Makefile' in order to change, if necessary the C-compiler and the compilation options which will be used to compile the package. 3) Compile the package with the command: 'make all' 4) Compile the resources. If you want only the French (resp. English) ressources, just type 'make ressource.french' (resp. 'make ressource.english'). If you want both, type: 'make ressource.all' That's all !! If you want to suppress the compiled files, just execute: make clean make clean_ressource III - Useful scripts -------------------- LIA_TAGG contains a set of scripts in order to clean, format, tagg and bracket French or English texts. Here are a quick overview of each command: lia_clean : "clean" a raw text, tokenize the words, split the text into sentences, remove the capital letter at the beginning of each sentence if necessary and output one word on each line. lia_tagg [-guess] : tagg each word with its POS, one word on each line, 1st field=word, 2nd field=POS. For the French tagger, a guesser is provided (a program that guesses a POS for all non proper-name unknown words). To activate this option add '-guess' to the command 'lia_tagg'. WARNING: this option is valid ONLY for the French language. lia_tagg+lemm [-guess] : same as 'lia_tagg' but add a field with the lemm (for French only at the moment) lia_tagg+reacc [-guess] : same as 'lia_tagg' but tries to put back the accent for non-accentutate texts. WARNING: this option is valid ONLY for the French language. lia_bracket [1/2/3] : bracketter that cut a sentence according to a shallow parsing process that matches POS patterns into syntactic phrases. Three different output are proposed (option 1 (default), 2 or 3) lia_tagg2name : take as input a text processed by 'lia_tagg' or 'lia_tagg+reacc' and output the potential proper-name expressions based on simple rules using POS information as well as graphical ones. Example: lia_clean | lia_tagg | lia_tagg2name IV - An example --------------- Each step in the text processing will be now illustrated on this small raw text example in French: -- Ceci est un test. De plus en plus, le 1 janvier tombe un lundi. Il couttent vrraiment 1,08 euros. Il eleve un debat deja eleve sur le TALN. -- 1) Formatting the text This is done with the script: $LIA_TAGG/script/lia_nett - input = stdin - output= stdout This script tokenize the text according to the lexicon used by the POS tagger. Then, the text is split into sentences, marked by the tags (beginning of a sentence) and (end of a sentence). The eventual capital letter of each first word of a sentence is then removed. Finally, digit strings are converted into words with respect to the symbol ',' (French ONLY) and the output text contains one word on each line. This is the result of this script on the previous text: eci est un test . de_plus_en_plus , le premier janvier tombe un lundi . il couttent vrraiment un virgule zéro huit euros . il eleve un debat deja eleve sur le TALN . 2) POS tagging + accentuation This is done by the script: $LIA_TAGG/script/lia_tagg+reacc -guess - input : stdin - output : stdout This script takes the output of 'lia_nett' and process a POS tagging and a text accentuation. The out-of-vocabulary words are processed by a POS guesser (for example, the words 'couttent' and 'vrraiment' in the previous example), except for unknown proper-names (capitalize words within a sentence) which remain with the tag 'MOTINC'. This is the result of this script on the output of 'lia_nett': ZTRM eci ADV est VE3S un DETMS test NMS . YPFOR ZTRM ZTRM de_plus_en_plus ADV , YPFAI le DETMS premier AMS janvier NMS tombe V3S un DETMS lundi NMS . YPFOR ZTRM ZTRM il PPER3MS couttent V3S vrraiment ADV un DETMS virgule CHIF zéro CHIF huit CHIF euros NMP . YPFOR ZTRM ZTRM il PPER3MS élève V3S un DETMS débat NMS déjà ADV élevé AMS sur PREP le DETMS TALN MOTINC . YPFOR ZTRM 3) Bracketting This is done by the script: $LIA_TAGG/script/lia_bracket - input : stdin - output : stdout This script takes the output of 'lia_tagg' and perform a bracketting process according to syntactic phrase patterns. This is the result of this script on the output of 'lia_tagg+reacc': [] ZTRM [ZTRM] [eci] MOTINC [MOTINC] [est] VS [VE3S] [un test] NMS [DETMS NMS] [.] YPFOR [YPFOR] [] ZTRM [ZTRM] [] ZTRM [ZTRM] [,] YPFAI [YPFAI] [le premier janvier] NMS [DETMS AMS NMS] [tombe] VS [V3S] [un lundi] NMS [DETMS NMS] [.] YPFOR [YPFOR] [] ZTRM [ZTRM] [] ZTRM [ZTRM] [il] PPER3MS [PPER3MS] [couttent] MOTINC [MOTINC] [vrraiment] MOTINC [MOTINC] [un] DETMS [DETMS] [virgule zéro huit] CHIF [CHIF CHIF CHIF] [euros] MOTINC [MOTINC] [.] YPFOR [YPFOR] [] ZTRM [ZTRM] [] ZTRM [ZTRM] [il] PPER3MS [PPER3MS] [élève] VS [V3S] [un débat déjà élevé] NMS [DETMS NMS ADV AMS] [sur] PREP [PREP] [le] DETMS [DETMS] [TALN] MOTINC [MOTINC] [.] YPFOR [YPFOR] [] ZTRM [ZTRM] V - Data format --------------- LIA_TAGG uses several kind of resources: 1- Lexicons 2 Part-Of-Speech resources You can update any of these resources and the following quick description of each of them should answer most of the questions. BUT, don't forget to compile again the resources each time you modify one of the data files. 1- Lexicons There is 1 lexicons used by LIA_TAGG (except the POS resources): - list_chif_virgule List of words possibly following a digit string Format of each line: word 2- Part-Of-Speech resources The main editable resource of the POS tagging is the dictionary. The one given with LIA_TAGG contains 10K words, and is stored in the text file: lex10K The format of the dictionary is as follows: - one word on each line - format of each line: word POS1 freq(word,POS1) lemma(word,{POS1) POS2 freq(word,POS2) lemma(word,POS2) .... For example: assise AFS 213 assis NFS 733 assise VPPFS 320 asseoir To add a new word, just add a new line at this file, and if you don't have a corpus for estimating the frequency of each couple (word,POS), just put '1' instead. VI - Warning Be careful of the accent encoding of the files !! Check that the accents of the rule file 'french01.pron' are correct (ASCII ISO8859-1). If not, you have to use an accent transcoder to correct them. This transcoding MUST be applied to ALL the files in the directories /data and /src Contact ------- If you have any problem or question, contact me at : frederic.bechet@lia.univ-avignon.fr