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#!/bin/bash
# Copyright 2012 Johns Hopkins University (Author: Daniel Povey).
# 2013 Guoguo Chen
# 2014 Xiaohui Zhang
# Apache 2.0.
# This script trains an ensemble of neural networks with pnorm nonlinearities.
# An ensemble of nets are first differently initialized, and then trained using the
# same data during each iteration. In each training iteration, one term is added to
# the objf, which is beta times the cross-entropy between the current net's posterior
# output and the geometrically averaged posterior outputs of the ensemble of nets.
# The beta values obey an exponentially increasing schedule (determined by initial_beta
# and final_beta).
# Begin configuration section.
cmd=run.pl
num_epochs=15 # Number of epochs during which we reduce
# the learning rate; number of iteration is worked out from this.
num_epochs_extra=5 # Number of epochs after we stop reducing
# the learning rate.
num_iters_final=20 # Maximum number of final iterations to give to the
# optimization over the validation set.
initial_learning_rate=0.04
final_learning_rate=0.004
bias_stddev=0.5
softmax_learning_rate_factor=1.0 # In the default setting keep the same learning rate.
combine_regularizer=1.0e-14 # Small regularizer so that parameters won't go crazy.
pnorm_input_dim=3000
pnorm_output_dim=300
p=2
minibatch_size=128 # by default use a smallish minibatch size for neural net
# training; this controls instability which would otherwise
# be a problem with multi-threaded update. Note: it also
# interacts with the "preconditioned" update which generally
# works better with larger minibatch size, so it's not
# completely cost free.
samples_per_iter=200000 # each iteration of training, see this many samples
# per job. This option is passed to get_egs.sh
num_jobs_nnet=16 # Number of neural net jobs to run in parallel. This option
# is passed to get_egs.sh.
get_egs_stage=0
shuffle_buffer_size=5000 # This "buffer_size" variable controls randomization of the samples
# on each iter. You could set it to 0 or to a large value for complete
# randomization, but this would both consume memory and cause spikes in
# disk I/O. Smaller is easier on disk and memory but less random. It's
# not a huge deal though, as samples are anyway randomized right at the start.
add_layers_period=2 # by default, add new layers every 2 iterations.
num_hidden_layers=3
stage=-5
io_opts="--max-jobs-run 5" # for jobs with a lot of I/O, limits the number running at one time. These don't
splice_width=4 # meaning +- 4 frames on each side for second LDA
randprune=4.0 # speeds up LDA.
alpha=4.0
max_change=10.0
mix_up=0 # Number of components to mix up to (should be > #tree leaves, if
# specified.)
num_threads=16
parallel_opts="--num-threads 16 --mem 1G" # by default we use 16 threads; this lets the queue know.
# note: parallel_opts doesn't automatically get adjusted if you adjust num-threads.
cleanup=true
egs_dir=
lda_opts=
egs_opts=
initial_beta=0.1
final_beta=6
ensemble_size=2
# End configuration section.
echo "$0 $@" # Print the command line for logging
if [ -f path.sh ]; then . ./path.sh; fi
. parse_options.sh || exit 1;
if [ $# != 4 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 [opts] <data> <lang> <ali-dir> <exp-dir>"
echo " e.g.: $0 data/train data/lang exp/tri3_ali exp/tri4_nnet"
echo ""
echo "Main options (for others, see top of script file)"
echo " --config <config-file> # config file containing options"
echo " --cmd (utils/run.pl|utils/queue.pl <queue opts>) # how to run jobs."
echo " --num-epochs <#epochs|15> # Number of epochs of main training"
echo " # while reducing learning rate (determines #iterations, together"
echo " # with --samples-per-iter and --num-jobs-nnet)"
echo " --num-epochs-extra <#epochs-extra|5> # Number of extra epochs of training"
echo " # after learning rate fully reduced"
echo " --initial-learning-rate <initial-learning-rate|0.02> # Learning rate at start of training, e.g. 0.02 for small"
echo " # data, 0.01 for large data"
echo " --final-learning-rate <final-learning-rate|0.004> # Learning rate at end of training, e.g. 0.004 for small"
echo " # data, 0.001 for large data"
echo " --num-hidden-layers <#hidden-layers|2> # Number of hidden layers, e.g. 2 for 3 hours of data, 4 for 100hrs"
echo " --initial-num-hidden-layers <#hidden-layers|1> # Number of hidden layers to start with."
echo " --add-layers-period <#iters|2> # Number of iterations between adding hidden layers"
echo " --mix-up <#pseudo-gaussians|0> # Can be used to have multiple targets in final output layer,"
echo " # per context-dependent state. Try a number several times #states."
echo " --num-jobs-nnet <num-jobs|8> # Number of parallel jobs to use for main neural net"
echo " # training (will affect results as well as speed; try 8, 16)"
echo " # Note: if you increase this, you may want to also increase"
echo " # the learning rate."
echo " --num-threads <num-threads|16> # Number of parallel threads per job (will affect results"
echo " # as well as speed; may interact with batch size; if you increase"
echo " # this, you may want to decrease the batch size."
echo " --parallel-opts <opts|\"--num-threads 16 --mem 1G\"> # extra options to pass to e.g. queue.pl for processes that"
echo " # use multiple threads... "
echo " --io-opts <opts|\"--max-jobs-run 10\"> # Options given to e.g. queue.pl for jobs that do a lot of I/O."
echo " --minibatch-size <minibatch-size|128> # Size of minibatch to process (note: product with --num-threads"
echo " # should not get too large, e.g. >2k)."
echo " --samples-per-iter <#samples|400000> # Number of samples of data to process per iteration, per"
echo " # process."
echo " --splice-width <width|4> # Number of frames on each side to append for feature input"
echo " # (note: we splice processed, typically 40-dimensional frames"
echo " --lda-dim <dim|250> # Dimension to reduce spliced features to with LDA"
echo " --num-iters-final <#iters|10> # Number of final iterations to give to nnet-combine-fast to "
echo " # interpolate parameters (the weights are learned with a validation set)"
echo " --num-utts-subset <#utts|300> # Number of utterances in subsets used for validation and diagnostics"
echo " # (the validation subset is held out from training)"
echo " --num-frames-diagnostic <#frames|4000> # Number of frames used in computing (train,valid) diagnostics"
echo " --num-valid-frames-combine <#frames|10000> # Number of frames used in getting combination weights at the"
echo " # very end."
echo " --stage <stage|-9> # Used to run a partially-completed training process from somewhere in"
echo " # the middle."
exit 1;
fi
data=$1
lang=$2
alidir=$3
dir=$4
# Check some files.
for f in $data/feats.scp $lang/L.fst $alidir/ali.1.gz $alidir/final.mdl $alidir/tree; do
[ ! -f $f ] && echo "$0: no such file $f" && exit 1;
done
# Set some variables.
num_leaves=`tree-info $alidir/tree 2>/dev/null | grep num-pdfs | awk '{print $2}'` || exit 1
[ -z $num_leaves ] && echo "\$num_leaves is unset" && exit 1
[ "$num_leaves" -eq "0" ] && echo "\$num_leaves is 0" && exit 1
nj=`cat $alidir/num_jobs` || exit 1; # number of jobs in alignment dir...
# in this dir we'll have just one job.
sdata=$data/split$nj
utils/split_data.sh $data $nj
mkdir -p $dir/log
echo $nj > $dir/num_jobs
splice_opts=`cat $alidir/splice_opts 2>/dev/null`
cp $alidir/splice_opts $dir 2>/dev/null
cp $alidir/tree $dir
utils/lang/check_phones_compatible.sh $lang/phones.txt $alidir/phones.txt || exit 1;
cp $lang/phones.txt $dir || exit 1;
if [ $stage -le -4 ]; then
echo "$0: calling get_lda.sh"
steps/nnet2/get_lda.sh $lda_opts --splice-width $splice_width --cmd "$cmd" $data $lang $alidir $dir || exit 1;
fi
# these files will have been written by get_lda.sh
feat_dim=`cat $dir/feat_dim` || exit 1;
lda_dim=`cat $dir/lda_dim` || exit 1;
if [ $stage -le -3 ] && [ -z "$egs_dir" ]; then
echo "$0: calling get_egs.sh"
steps/nnet2/get_egs.sh --samples-per-iter $samples_per_iter --num-jobs-nnet $num_jobs_nnet \
--splice-width $splice_width --stage $get_egs_stage --cmd "$cmd" $egs_opts --io-opts "$io_opts" \
$data $lang $alidir $dir || exit 1;
fi
if [ -z $egs_dir ]; then
egs_dir=$dir/egs
fi
iters_per_epoch=`cat $egs_dir/iters_per_epoch` || exit 1;
! [ $num_jobs_nnet -eq `cat $egs_dir/num_jobs_nnet` ] && \
echo "$0: Warning: using --num-jobs-nnet=`cat $egs_dir/num_jobs_nnet` from $egs_dir"
num_jobs_nnet=`cat $egs_dir/num_jobs_nnet` || exit 1;
if ! [ $num_hidden_layers -ge 1 ]; then
echo "Invalid num-hidden-layers $num_hidden_layers"
exit 1
fi
if [ $stage -le -2 ]; then
echo "$0: initializing neural net";
lda_mat=$dir/lda.mat
ext_lda_dim=$lda_dim
ext_feat_dim=$feat_dim
stddev=`perl -e "print 1.0/sqrt($pnorm_input_dim);"`
cat >$dir/nnet.config <<EOF
SpliceComponent input-dim=$ext_feat_dim left-context=$splice_width right-context=$splice_width
FixedAffineComponent matrix=$lda_mat
AffineComponentPreconditioned input-dim=$ext_lda_dim output-dim=$pnorm_input_dim alpha=$alpha max-change=$max_change learning-rate=$initial_learning_rate param-stddev=$stddev bias-stddev=$bias_stddev
PnormComponent input-dim=$pnorm_input_dim output-dim=$pnorm_output_dim p=$p
NormalizeComponent dim=$pnorm_output_dim
AffineComponentPreconditioned input-dim=$pnorm_output_dim output-dim=$num_leaves alpha=$alpha max-change=$max_change learning-rate=$initial_learning_rate param-stddev=0 bias-stddev=0
SoftmaxComponent dim=$num_leaves
EOF
# to hidden.config it will write the part of the config corresponding to a
# single hidden layer; we need this to add new layers.
cat >$dir/hidden.config <<EOF
AffineComponentPreconditioned input-dim=$pnorm_output_dim output-dim=$pnorm_input_dim alpha=$alpha max-change=$max_change learning-rate=$initial_learning_rate param-stddev=$stddev bias-stddev=$bias_stddev
PnormComponent input-dim=$pnorm_input_dim output-dim=$pnorm_output_dim p=$p
NormalizeComponent dim=$pnorm_output_dim
EOF
for i in `seq 1 $ensemble_size`; do
$cmd $parallel_opts JOB=1:$ensemble_size $dir/log/nnet_init.JOB.log \
nnet-am-init $alidir/tree $lang/topo "nnet-init --srand=JOB $dir/nnet.config -|" \
$dir/0.JOB.mdl || exit 1;
done
fi
if [ $stage -le -1 ]; then
echo "Training transition probabilities and setting priors"
$cmd $parallel_opts JOB=1:$ensemble_size $dir/log/train_trans.JOB.log \
nnet-train-transitions $dir/0.JOB.mdl "ark:gunzip -c $alidir/ali.*.gz|" $dir/0.JOB.mdl \
|| exit 1;
fi
num_iters_reduce=$[$num_epochs * $iters_per_epoch];
num_iters_extra=$[$num_epochs_extra * $iters_per_epoch];
num_iters=$[$num_iters_reduce+$num_iters_extra]
echo "$0: Will train for $num_epochs + $num_epochs_extra epochs, equalling "
echo "$0: $num_iters_reduce + $num_iters_extra = $num_iters iterations, "
echo "$0: (while reducing learning rate) + (with constant learning rate)."
# This is when we decide to mix up from: halfway between when we've finished
# adding the hidden layers and the end of training.
finish_add_layers_iter=$[$num_hidden_layers*$add_layers_period]
mix_up_iter=$[($num_iters + $finish_add_layers_iter)/2]
if [ $num_threads -eq 1 ]; then
if ! cuda-compiled; then
echo "$0: WARNING: you are running with one thread but you have not compiled"
echo " for CUDA. You may be running a setup optimized for GPUs. If you have"
echo " GPUs and have nvcc installed, go to src/ and do ./configure; make"
exit
fi
fi
x=0
while [ $x -lt $num_iters ]; do
if [ $x -ge 0 ] && [ $stage -le $x ]; then
# Set off jobs doing some diagnostics, in the background.
$cmd $dir/log/compute_prob_valid.$x.log \
nnet-compute-prob $dir/$x.1.mdl ark:$egs_dir/valid_diagnostic.egs &
$cmd $dir/log/compute_prob_train.$x.log \
nnet-compute-prob $dir/$x.1.mdl ark:$egs_dir/train_diagnostic.egs &
if [ $x -gt 0 ] && [ ! -f $dir/log/mix_up.$[$x-1].log ]; then
$cmd $dir/log/progress.$x.log \
nnet-show-progress --use-gpu=no $dir/$[$x-1].1.mdl $dir/$x.1.mdl ark:$egs_dir/train_diagnostic.egs &
fi
declare -A mdl
echo "Training neural net (pass $x)"
if [ $x -gt 0 ] && \
[ $x -le $[($num_hidden_layers-1)*$add_layers_period] ] && \
[ $[($x-1) % $add_layers_period] -eq 0 ]; then
for i in `seq 1 $ensemble_size`; do
mdl[$i]="nnet-init --srand=$[$x+$i] $dir/hidden.config - | nnet-insert $dir/$x.$i.mdl - - |"
done
else
for i in `seq 1 $ensemble_size`; do
mdl[$i]=$dir/$x.$i.mdl
done
fi
nnets_ensemble_in=
nnets_ensemble_out=
for i in `seq 1 $ensemble_size`; do
nnets_ensemble_in="$nnets_ensemble_in '${mdl[$i]}'"
nnets_ensemble_out="${nnets_ensemble_out} $dir/$[$x+1].JOB.$i.mdl "
done
beta=`perl -e '($x,$n,$i,$f)=@ARGV; print ($i+$x*($f-$i)/$n);' $[$x+1] $num_iters $initial_beta $final_beta`;
$cmd $parallel_opts JOB=1:$num_jobs_nnet $dir/log/train.$x.JOB.log \
nnet-shuffle-egs --buffer-size=$shuffle_buffer_size --srand=$x \
ark:$egs_dir/egs.JOB.$[$x%$iters_per_epoch].ark ark:- \| \
nnet-train-ensemble \
--minibatch-size=$minibatch_size --srand=$x --beta=$beta $nnets_ensemble_in \
ark:- $nnets_ensemble_out \
|| exit 1;
learning_rate=`perl -e '($x,$n,$i,$f)=@ARGV; print ($x >= $n ? $f : $i*exp($x*log($f/$i)/$n));' $[$x+1] $num_iters_reduce $initial_learning_rate $final_learning_rate`;
softmax_learning_rate=`perl -e "print $learning_rate * $softmax_learning_rate_factor;"`;
nnet-am-info $dir/$[$x+1].1.1.mdl > $dir/foo 2>/dev/null || exit 1
nu=`cat $dir/foo | grep num-updatable-components | awk '{print $2}'`
na=`cat $dir/foo | grep -v Fixed | grep AffineComponent | wc -l`
# na is number of last updatable AffineComponent layer [one-based, counting only
# updatable components.]
lr_string="$learning_rate"
for n in `seq 2 $nu`; do
if [ $n -eq $na ] || [ $n -eq $[$na-1] ]; then lr=$softmax_learning_rate;
else lr=$learning_rate; fi
lr_string="$lr_string:$lr"
done
for i in `seq 1 $ensemble_size`; do
nnets_list=
for n in `seq 1 $num_jobs_nnet`; do
nnets_list="$nnets_list $dir/$[$x+1].$n.$i.mdl"
done
$cmd $dir/log/average.$x.$i.log \
nnet-am-average $nnets_list - \| \
nnet-am-copy --learning-rates=$lr_string - $dir/$[$x+1].$i.mdl || exit 1;
rm $nnets_list
if [ "$mix_up" -gt 0 ] && [ $x -eq $mix_up_iter ]; then
# mix up.
echo Mixing up from $num_leaves to $mix_up components
$cmd $dir/log/mix_up.$x.$i.log \
nnet-am-mixup --min-count=10 --num-mixtures=$mix_up \
$dir/$[$x+1].$i.mdl $dir/$[$x+1].$i.mdl || exit 1;
fi
done
fi
x=$[$x+1]
done
# Now do combination.
# At the end, final.mdl will be a combination of the last e.g. 10 models.
for i in `seq 1 $ensemble_size`; do
nnets_list=()
if [ $num_iters_final -gt $num_iters_extra ]; then
echo "Setting num_iters_final=$num_iters_extra"
fi
start=$[$num_iters-$num_iters_final+1]
for x in `seq $start $num_iters`; do
idx=$[$x-$start]
if [ $x -gt $mix_up_iter ]; then
nnets_list[$idx]=$dir/$x.$i.mdl # "nnet-am-copy --remove-dropout=true $dir/$x.mdl - |"
fi
done
if [ $stage -le $num_iters ]; then
# Below, use --use-gpu=no to disable nnet-combine-fast from using a GPU, as
# if there are many models it can give out-of-memory error; set num-threads to 8
# to speed it up (this isn't ideal...)
this_num_threads=$num_threads
[ $this_num_threads -lt 8 ] && this_num_threads=8
num_egs=`nnet-copy-egs ark:$egs_dir/combine.egs ark:/dev/null 2>&1 | tail -n 1 | awk '{print $NF}'`
mb=$[($num_egs+$this_num_threads-1)/$this_num_threads]
[ $mb -gt 512 ] && mb=512
# Setting --initial-model to a large value makes it initialize the combination
# with the average of all the models. It's important not to start with a
# single model, or, due to the invariance to scaling that these nonlinearities
# give us, we get zero diagonal entries in the fisher matrix that
# nnet-combine-fast uses for scaling, which after flooring and inversion, has
# the effect that the initial model chosen gets much higher learning rates
# than the others. This prevents the optimization from working well.
$cmd $parallel_opts $dir/log/combine.$i.log \
nnet-combine-fast --initial-model=100000 --num-lbfgs-iters=40 --use-gpu=no \
--num-threads=$this_num_threads --regularizer=$combine_regularizer \
--initial-model=100000 --num-lbfgs-iters=40 \
--verbose=3 --minibatch-size=$mb "${nnets_list[@]}" ark:$egs_dir/combine.egs \
$dir/final.$i.mdl || exit 1;
# Normalize stddev for affine or block affine layers that are followed by a
# pnorm layer and then a normalize layer.
$cmd $parallel_opts $dir/log/normalize.$i.log \
nnet-normalize-stddev $dir/final.$i.mdl $dir/final.$i.mdl || exit 1;
fi
# Compute the probability of the final, combined model with
# the same subset we used for the previous compute_probs, as the
# different subsets will lead to different probs.
$cmd $dir/log/compute_prob_valid.final.$i.log \
nnet-compute-prob $dir/final.$i.mdl ark:$egs_dir/valid_diagnostic.egs &
$cmd $dir/log/compute_prob_train.final.$i.log \
nnet-compute-prob $dir/final.$i.mdl ark:$egs_dir/train_diagnostic.egs &
done
cp $dir/final.1.mdl $dir/final.mdl
sleep 2
echo Done
if $cleanup; then
echo Cleaning up data
if [ $egs_dir == "$dir/egs" ]; then
steps/nnet2/remove_egs.sh $dir/egs
fi
echo Removing most of the models
for x in `seq 0 $num_iters`; do
if [ $[$x%10] -ne 0 ] && [ $x -lt $[$num_iters-$num_iters_final+1] ]; then
# delete all but every 10th model; don't delete the ones which combine to form the final model.
for i in `seq 1 $ensemble_size`; do
rm $dir/$x.$i.mdl
done
fi
done
fi
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