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tools/cub-1.8.0/test/test_device_reduce_by_key.cu 29.7 KB
8dcb6dfcb   Yannick Estève   first commit
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  /******************************************************************************
   * Copyright (c) 2011, Duane Merrill.  All rights reserved.
   * Copyright (c) 2011-2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
   *
   * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
   *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   *     * Neither the name of the NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the
   *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
   *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
   *
   * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
   * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
   * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
   * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY
   * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
   * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
   * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
   * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
   * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
   * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
   *
   ******************************************************************************/
  
  /******************************************************************************
   * Test of DeviceReduce::ReduceByKey utilities
   ******************************************************************************/
  
  // Ensure printing of CUDA runtime errors to console
  #define CUB_STDERR
  
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <typeinfo>
  
  #include <thrust/device_ptr.h>
  #include <thrust/reduce.h>
  #include <thrust/iterator/constant_iterator.h>
  
  #include <cub/util_allocator.cuh>
  #include <cub/iterator/constant_input_iterator.cuh>
  #include <cub/device/device_reduce.cuh>
  #include <cub/device/device_run_length_encode.cuh>
  #include <cub/thread/thread_operators.cuh>
  
  #include "test_util.h"
  
  using namespace cub;
  
  
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Globals, constants and typedefs
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  bool                    g_verbose           = false;
  int                     g_timing_iterations = 0;
  int                     g_repeat            = 0;
  CachingDeviceAllocator  g_allocator(true);
  
  // Dispatch types
  enum Backend
  {
      CUB,        // CUB method
      THRUST,     // Thrust method
      CDP,        // GPU-based (dynamic parallelism) dispatch to CUB method
  };
  
  
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Dispatch to different CUB entrypoints
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  /**
   * Dispatch to reduce-by-key entrypoint
   */
  template <
      typename                    KeyInputIteratorT,
      typename                    KeyOutputIteratorT,
      typename                    ValueInputIteratorT,
      typename                    ValueOutputIteratorT,
      typename                    NumRunsIteratorT,
      typename                    EqualityOpT,
      typename                    ReductionOpT,
      typename                    OffsetT>
  CUB_RUNTIME_FUNCTION __forceinline__
  cudaError_t Dispatch(
      Int2Type<CUB>               dispatch_to,
      int                         timing_timing_iterations,
      size_t                      *d_temp_storage_bytes,
      cudaError_t                 *d_cdp_error,
  
      void                        *d_temp_storage,
      size_t                      &temp_storage_bytes,
      KeyInputIteratorT           d_keys_in,
      KeyOutputIteratorT          d_keys_out,
      ValueInputIteratorT         d_values_in,
      ValueOutputIteratorT        d_values_out,
      NumRunsIteratorT            d_num_runs,
      EqualityOpT                  equality_op,
      ReductionOpT                 reduction_op,
      OffsetT                     num_items,
      cudaStream_t                stream,
      bool                        debug_synchronous)
  {
      cudaError_t error = cudaSuccess;
      for (int i = 0; i < timing_timing_iterations; ++i)
      {
          error = DeviceReduce::ReduceByKey(
              d_temp_storage,
              temp_storage_bytes,
              d_keys_in,
              d_keys_out,
              d_values_in,
              d_values_out,
              d_num_runs,
              reduction_op,
              num_items,
              stream,
              debug_synchronous);
      }
      return error;
  }
  
  
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Dispatch to different Thrust entrypoints
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  /**
   * Dispatch to reduce-by-key entrypoint
   */
  template <
      typename                    KeyInputIteratorT,
      typename                    KeyOutputIteratorT,
      typename                    ValueInputIteratorT,
      typename                    ValueOutputIteratorT,
      typename                    NumRunsIteratorT,
      typename                    EqualityOpT,
      typename                    ReductionOpT,
      typename                    OffsetT>
  cudaError_t Dispatch(
      Int2Type<THRUST>            dispatch_to,
      int                         timing_timing_iterations,
      size_t                      *d_temp_storage_bytes,
      cudaError_t                 *d_cdp_error,
  
      void                        *d_temp_storage,
      size_t                      &temp_storage_bytes,
      KeyInputIteratorT           d_keys_in,
      KeyOutputIteratorT          d_keys_out,
      ValueInputIteratorT         d_values_in,
      ValueOutputIteratorT        d_values_out,
      NumRunsIteratorT            d_num_runs,
      EqualityOpT                 equality_op,
      ReductionOpT                reduction_op,
      OffsetT                     num_items,
      cudaStream_t                stream,
      bool                        debug_synchronous)
  {
      // The input keys type
      typedef typename std::iterator_traits<KeyInputIteratorT>::value_type KeyInputT;
  
      // The output keys type
      typedef typename If<(Equals<typename std::iterator_traits<KeyOutputIteratorT>::value_type, void>::VALUE),   // OutputT =  (if output iterator's value type is void) ?
          typename std::iterator_traits<KeyInputIteratorT>::value_type,                                           // ... then the input iterator's value type,
          typename std::iterator_traits<KeyOutputIteratorT>::value_type>::Type KeyOutputT;                        // ... else the output iterator's value type
  
      // The input values type
      typedef typename std::iterator_traits<ValueInputIteratorT>::value_type ValueInputT;
  
      // The output values type
      typedef typename If<(Equals<typename std::iterator_traits<ValueOutputIteratorT>::value_type, void>::VALUE), // OutputT =  (if output iterator's value type is void) ?
          typename std::iterator_traits<ValueInputIteratorT>::value_type,                                         // ... then the input iterator's value type,
          typename std::iterator_traits<ValueOutputIteratorT>::value_type>::Type ValueOuputT;                     // ... else the output iterator's value type
  
      if (d_temp_storage == 0)
      {
          temp_storage_bytes = 1;
      }
      else
      {
          thrust::device_ptr<KeyInputT> d_keys_in_wrapper(d_keys_in);
          thrust::device_ptr<KeyOutputT> d_keys_out_wrapper(d_keys_out);
  
          thrust::device_ptr<ValueInputT> d_values_in_wrapper(d_values_in);
          thrust::device_ptr<ValueOuputT> d_values_out_wrapper(d_values_out);
  
          thrust::pair<thrust::device_ptr<KeyOutputT>, thrust::device_ptr<ValueOuputT> > d_out_ends;
  
          for (int i = 0; i < timing_timing_iterations; ++i)
          {
              d_out_ends = thrust::reduce_by_key(
                  d_keys_in_wrapper,
                  d_keys_in_wrapper + num_items,
                  d_values_in_wrapper,
                  d_keys_out_wrapper,
                  d_values_out_wrapper);
          }
  
          OffsetT num_segments = OffsetT(d_out_ends.first - d_keys_out_wrapper);
          CubDebugExit(cudaMemcpy(d_num_runs, &num_segments, sizeof(OffsetT), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
  
      }
  
      return cudaSuccess;
  }
  
  
  
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CUDA Nested Parallelism Test Kernel
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  /**
   * Simple wrapper kernel to invoke DeviceSelect
   */
  template <
      typename                    KeyInputIteratorT,
      typename                    KeyOutputIteratorT,
      typename                    ValueInputIteratorT,
      typename                    ValueOutputIteratorT,
      typename                    NumRunsIteratorT,
      typename                    EqualityOpT,
      typename                    ReductionOpT,
      typename                    OffsetT>
  __global__ void CnpDispatchKernel(
      int                         timing_timing_iterations,
      size_t                      *d_temp_storage_bytes,
      cudaError_t                 *d_cdp_error,
  
      void                        *d_temp_storage,
      size_t                      temp_storage_bytes,
      KeyInputIteratorT           d_keys_in,
      KeyOutputIteratorT          d_keys_out,
      ValueInputIteratorT         d_values_in,
      ValueOutputIteratorT        d_values_out,
      NumRunsIteratorT            d_num_runs,
      EqualityOpT                 equality_op,
      ReductionOpT                reduction_op,
      OffsetT                     num_items,
      cudaStream_t                stream,
      bool                        debug_synchronous)
  {
  
  #ifndef CUB_CDP
      *d_cdp_error = cudaErrorNotSupported;
  #else
      *d_cdp_error = Dispatch(Int2Type<CUB>(), timing_timing_iterations, d_temp_storage_bytes, d_cdp_error,
          d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, d_keys_in, d_keys_out, d_values_in, d_values_out, d_num_runs, equality_op, reduction_op, num_items, 0, debug_synchronous);
  
      *d_temp_storage_bytes = temp_storage_bytes;
  #endif
  }
  
  
  /**
   * Dispatch to CDP kernel
   */
  template <
      typename                    KeyInputIteratorT,
      typename                    KeyOutputIteratorT,
      typename                    ValueInputIteratorT,
      typename                    ValueOutputIteratorT,
      typename                    NumRunsIteratorT,
      typename                    EqualityOpT,
      typename                    ReductionOpT,
      typename                    OffsetT>
  CUB_RUNTIME_FUNCTION __forceinline__
  cudaError_t Dispatch(
      Int2Type<CDP>               dispatch_to,
      int                         timing_timing_iterations,
      size_t                      *d_temp_storage_bytes,
      cudaError_t                 *d_cdp_error,
  
      void                        *d_temp_storage,
      size_t                      &temp_storage_bytes,
      KeyInputIteratorT           d_keys_in,
      KeyOutputIteratorT          d_keys_out,
      ValueInputIteratorT         d_values_in,
      ValueOutputIteratorT        d_values_out,
      NumRunsIteratorT            d_num_runs,
      EqualityOpT                 equality_op,
      ReductionOpT                reduction_op,
      OffsetT                     num_items,
      cudaStream_t                stream,
      bool                        debug_synchronous)
  {
      // Invoke kernel to invoke device-side dispatch
      CnpDispatchKernel<<<1,1>>>(timing_timing_iterations, d_temp_storage_bytes, d_cdp_error,
          d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, d_keys_in, d_keys_out, d_values_in, d_values_out, d_num_runs, equality_op, reduction_op, num_items, 0, debug_synchronous);
  
      // Copy out temp_storage_bytes
      CubDebugExit(cudaMemcpy(&temp_storage_bytes, d_temp_storage_bytes, sizeof(size_t) * 1, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
  
      // Copy out error
      cudaError_t retval;
      CubDebugExit(cudaMemcpy(&retval, d_cdp_error, sizeof(cudaError_t) * 1, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
      return retval;
  }
  
  
  
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Test generation
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  
  /**
   * Initialize problem
   */
  template <typename T>
  void Initialize(
      int         entropy_reduction,
      T           *h_in,
      int         num_items,
      int         max_segment)
  {
      unsigned int max_int = (unsigned int) -1;
  
      int key = 0;
      int i = 0;
      while (i < num_items)
      {
          // Select number of repeating occurrences
  
          int repeat;
  
          if (max_segment < 0)
          {
              repeat = num_items;
          }
          else if (max_segment < 2)
          {
              repeat = 1;
          }
          else
          {
              RandomBits(repeat, entropy_reduction);
              repeat = (int) ((double(repeat) * double(max_segment)) / double(max_int));
              repeat = CUB_MAX(1, repeat);
          }
  
          int j = i;
          while (j < CUB_MIN(i + repeat, num_items))
          {
              InitValue(INTEGER_SEED, h_in[j], key);
              j++;
          }
  
          i = j;
          key++;
      }
  
      if (g_verbose)
      {
          printf("Input:
  ");
          DisplayResults(h_in, num_items);
          printf("
  
  ");
      }
  }
  
  
  /**
   * Solve problem.  Returns total number of segments identified
   */
  template <
      typename        KeyInputIteratorT,
      typename        ValueInputIteratorT,
      typename        KeyT,
      typename        ValueT,
      typename        EqualityOpT,
      typename        ReductionOpT>
  int Solve(
      KeyInputIteratorT       h_keys_in,
      KeyT                    *h_keys_reference,
      ValueInputIteratorT     h_values_in,
      ValueT                  *h_values_reference,
      EqualityOpT             equality_op,
      ReductionOpT            reduction_op,
      int                     num_items)
  {
      // First item
      KeyT previous        = h_keys_in[0];
      ValueT aggregate     = h_values_in[0];
      int num_segments    = 0;
  
      // Subsequent items
      for (int i = 1; i < num_items; ++i)
      {
          if (!equality_op(previous, h_keys_in[i]))
          {
              h_keys_reference[num_segments] = previous;
              h_values_reference[num_segments] = aggregate;
              num_segments++;
              aggregate = h_values_in[i];
          }
          else
          {
              aggregate = reduction_op(aggregate, h_values_in[i]);
          }
          previous = h_keys_in[i];
      }
  
      h_keys_reference[num_segments] = previous;
      h_values_reference[num_segments] = aggregate;
      num_segments++;
  
      return num_segments;
  }
  
  
  
  /**
   * Test DeviceSelect for a given problem input
   */
  template <
      Backend             BACKEND,
      typename            DeviceKeyInputIteratorT,
      typename            DeviceValueInputIteratorT,
      typename            KeyT,
      typename            ValueT,
      typename            EqualityOpT,
      typename            ReductionOpT>
  void Test(
      DeviceKeyInputIteratorT     d_keys_in,
      DeviceValueInputIteratorT   d_values_in,
      KeyT*                       h_keys_reference,
      ValueT*                     h_values_reference,
      EqualityOpT                 equality_op,
      ReductionOpT                reduction_op,
      int                         num_segments,
      int                         num_items)
  {
      // Allocate device output arrays and number of segments
      KeyT*   d_keys_out             = NULL;
      ValueT* d_values_out           = NULL;
      int*    d_num_runs         = NULL;
      CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceAllocate((void**)&d_keys_out, sizeof(KeyT) * num_items));
      CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceAllocate((void**)&d_values_out, sizeof(ValueT) * num_items));
      CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceAllocate((void**)&d_num_runs, sizeof(int)));
  
      // Allocate CDP device arrays
      size_t          *d_temp_storage_bytes = NULL;
      cudaError_t     *d_cdp_error = NULL;
      CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceAllocate((void**)&d_temp_storage_bytes,  sizeof(size_t) * 1));
      CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceAllocate((void**)&d_cdp_error,           sizeof(cudaError_t) * 1));
  
      // Allocate temporary storage
      void            *d_temp_storage = NULL;
      size_t          temp_storage_bytes = 0;
      CubDebugExit(Dispatch(Int2Type<BACKEND>(), 1, d_temp_storage_bytes, d_cdp_error, d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, d_keys_in, d_keys_out, d_values_in, d_values_out, d_num_runs, equality_op, reduction_op, num_items, 0, true));
      CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceAllocate(&d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes));
  
      // Clear device output arrays
      CubDebugExit(cudaMemset(d_keys_out, 0, sizeof(KeyT) * num_items));
      CubDebugExit(cudaMemset(d_values_out, 0, sizeof(ValueT) * num_items));
      CubDebugExit(cudaMemset(d_num_runs, 0, sizeof(int)));
  
      // Run warmup/correctness iteration
      CubDebugExit(Dispatch(Int2Type<BACKEND>(), 1, d_temp_storage_bytes, d_cdp_error, d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, d_keys_in, d_keys_out, d_values_in, d_values_out, d_num_runs, equality_op, reduction_op, num_items, 0, true));
  
      // Check for correctness (and display results, if specified)
      int compare1 = CompareDeviceResults(h_keys_reference, d_keys_out, num_segments, true, g_verbose);
      printf("\t Keys %s ", compare1 ? "FAIL" : "PASS");
  
      int compare2 = CompareDeviceResults(h_values_reference, d_values_out, num_segments, true, g_verbose);
      printf("\t Values %s ", compare2 ? "FAIL" : "PASS");
  
      int compare3 = CompareDeviceResults(&num_segments, d_num_runs, 1, true, g_verbose);
      printf("\t Count %s ", compare3 ? "FAIL" : "PASS");
  
      // Flush any stdout/stderr
      fflush(stdout);
      fflush(stderr);
  
      // Performance
      GpuTimer gpu_timer;
      gpu_timer.Start();
      CubDebugExit(Dispatch(Int2Type<BACKEND>(), g_timing_iterations, d_temp_storage_bytes, d_cdp_error, d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, d_keys_in, d_keys_out, d_values_in, d_values_out, d_num_runs, equality_op, reduction_op, num_items, 0, false));
      gpu_timer.Stop();
      float elapsed_millis = gpu_timer.ElapsedMillis();
  
      // Display performance
      if (g_timing_iterations > 0)
      {
          float   avg_millis  = elapsed_millis / g_timing_iterations;
          float   giga_rate   = float(num_items) / avg_millis / 1000.0f / 1000.0f;
          int     bytes_moved = ((num_items + num_segments) * sizeof(KeyT)) + ((num_items + num_segments) * sizeof(ValueT));
          float   giga_bandwidth  = float(bytes_moved) / avg_millis / 1000.0f / 1000.0f;
          printf(", %.3f avg ms, %.3f billion items/s, %.3f logical GB/s", avg_millis, giga_rate, giga_bandwidth);
      }
      printf("
  
  ");
  
      // Flush any stdout/stderr
      fflush(stdout);
      fflush(stderr);
  
      // Cleanup
      if (d_keys_out) CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceFree(d_keys_out));
      if (d_values_out) CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceFree(d_values_out));
      if (d_num_runs) CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceFree(d_num_runs));
      if (d_temp_storage_bytes) CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceFree(d_temp_storage_bytes));
      if (d_cdp_error) CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceFree(d_cdp_error));
      if (d_temp_storage) CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceFree(d_temp_storage));
  
      // Correctness asserts
      AssertEquals(0, compare1 | compare2 | compare3);
  }
  
  
  /**
   * Test DeviceSelect on pointer type
   */
  template <
      Backend         BACKEND,
      typename        KeyT,
      typename        ValueT,
      typename        ReductionOpT>
  void TestPointer(
      int             num_items,
      int             entropy_reduction,
      int             max_segment,
      ReductionOpT    reduction_op)
  {
      // Allocate host arrays
      KeyT* h_keys_in        = new KeyT[num_items];
      KeyT* h_keys_reference = new KeyT[num_items];
  
      ValueT* h_values_in        = new ValueT[num_items];
      ValueT* h_values_reference = new ValueT[num_items];
  
      for (int i = 0; i < num_items; ++i)
          InitValue(INTEGER_SEED, h_values_in[i], 1);
  
      // Initialize problem and solution
      Equality equality_op;
      Initialize(entropy_reduction, h_keys_in, num_items, max_segment);
      int num_segments = Solve(h_keys_in, h_keys_reference, h_values_in, h_values_reference, equality_op, reduction_op, num_items);
  
      printf("
  Pointer %s cub::DeviceReduce::ReduceByKey %s reduction of %d items, %d segments (avg run length %.3f), {%s,%s} key value pairs, max_segment %d, entropy_reduction %d
  ",
          (BACKEND == CDP) ? "CDP CUB" : (BACKEND == THRUST) ? "Thrust" : "CUB",
          (Equals<ReductionOpT, Sum>::VALUE) ? "Sum" : "Max",
          num_items, num_segments, float(num_items) / num_segments,
          typeid(KeyT).name(), typeid(ValueT).name(),
          max_segment, entropy_reduction);
      fflush(stdout);
  
      // Allocate problem device arrays
      KeyT     *d_keys_in = NULL;
      ValueT   *d_values_in = NULL;
      CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceAllocate((void**)&d_keys_in, sizeof(KeyT) * num_items));
      CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceAllocate((void**)&d_values_in, sizeof(ValueT) * num_items));
  
      // Initialize device input
      CubDebugExit(cudaMemcpy(d_keys_in, h_keys_in, sizeof(KeyT) * num_items, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
      CubDebugExit(cudaMemcpy(d_values_in, h_values_in, sizeof(ValueT) * num_items, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
  
      // Run Test
      Test<BACKEND>(d_keys_in, d_values_in, h_keys_reference, h_values_reference, equality_op, reduction_op, num_segments, num_items);
  
      // Cleanup
      if (h_keys_in) delete[] h_keys_in;
      if (h_values_in) delete[] h_values_in;
      if (h_keys_reference) delete[] h_keys_reference;
      if (h_values_reference) delete[] h_values_reference;
      if (d_keys_in) CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceFree(d_keys_in));
      if (d_values_in) CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceFree(d_values_in));
  }
  
  
  /**
   * Test on iterator type
   */
  template <
      Backend         BACKEND,
      typename        KeyT,
      typename        ValueT,
      typename        ReductionOpT>
  void TestIterator(
      int             num_items,
      int             entropy_reduction,
      int             max_segment,
      ReductionOpT    reduction_op)
  {
      // Allocate host arrays
      KeyT* h_keys_in        = new KeyT[num_items];
      KeyT* h_keys_reference = new KeyT[num_items];
  
      ValueT one_val;
      InitValue(INTEGER_SEED, one_val, 1);
      ConstantInputIterator<ValueT, int> h_values_in(one_val);
      ValueT* h_values_reference = new ValueT[num_items];
  
      // Initialize problem and solution
      Equality equality_op;
      Initialize(entropy_reduction, h_keys_in, num_items, max_segment);
      int num_segments = Solve(h_keys_in, h_keys_reference, h_values_in, h_values_reference, equality_op, reduction_op, num_items);
  
      printf("
  Iterator %s cub::DeviceReduce::ReduceByKey %s reduction of %d items, %d segments (avg run length %.3f), {%s,%s} key value pairs, max_segment %d, entropy_reduction %d
  ",
          (BACKEND == CDP) ? "CDP CUB" : (BACKEND == THRUST) ? "Thrust" : "CUB",
          (Equals<ReductionOpT, Sum>::VALUE) ? "Sum" : "Max",
          num_items, num_segments, float(num_items) / num_segments,
          typeid(KeyT).name(), typeid(ValueT).name(),
          max_segment, entropy_reduction);
      fflush(stdout);
  
      // Allocate problem device arrays
      KeyT     *d_keys_in = NULL;
      CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceAllocate((void**)&d_keys_in, sizeof(KeyT) * num_items));
  
      // Initialize device input
      CubDebugExit(cudaMemcpy(d_keys_in, h_keys_in, sizeof(KeyT) * num_items, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
  
      // Run Test
      Test<BACKEND>(d_keys_in, h_values_in, h_keys_reference, h_values_reference, equality_op, reduction_op, num_segments, num_items);
  
      // Cleanup
      if (h_keys_in) delete[] h_keys_in;
      if (h_keys_reference) delete[] h_keys_reference;
      if (h_values_reference) delete[] h_values_reference;
      if (d_keys_in) CubDebugExit(g_allocator.DeviceFree(d_keys_in));
  }
  
  
  /**
   * Test different gen modes
   */
  template <
      Backend         BACKEND,
      typename        KeyT,
      typename        ValueT,
      typename        ReductionOpT>
  void Test(
      int             num_items,
      ReductionOpT    reduction_op,
      int             max_segment)
  {
      // 0 key-bit entropy reduction rounds
      TestPointer<BACKEND, KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, 0, max_segment, reduction_op);
  
      if (max_segment > 1)
      {
          // 2 key-bit entropy reduction rounds
          TestPointer<BACKEND, KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, 2, max_segment, reduction_op);
  
          // 7 key-bit entropy reduction rounds
          TestPointer<BACKEND, KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, 7, max_segment, reduction_op);
      }
  }
  
  
  /**
   * Test different avg segment lengths modes
   */
  template <
      Backend         BACKEND,
      typename        KeyT,
      typename        ValueT,
      typename        ReductionOpT>
  void Test(
      int             num_items,
      ReductionOpT    reduction_op)
  {
      Test<BACKEND, KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, reduction_op, -1);
      Test<BACKEND, KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, reduction_op, 1);
  
      // Evaluate different max-segment lengths
      for (int max_segment = 3; max_segment < CUB_MIN(num_items, (unsigned short) -1); max_segment *= 11)
      {
          Test<BACKEND, KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, reduction_op, max_segment);
      }
  }
  
  
  
  /**
   * Test different dispatch
   */
  template <
      typename        KeyT,
      typename        ValueT,
      typename        ReductionOpT>
  void TestDispatch(
      int             num_items,
      ReductionOpT    reduction_op)
  {
      Test<CUB, KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, reduction_op);
  #ifdef CUB_CDP
      Test<CDP, KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, reduction_op);
  #endif
  }
  
  
  /**
   * Test different input sizes
   */
  template <
      typename        KeyT,
      typename        ValueT,
      typename        ReductionOpT>
  void TestSize(
      int             num_items,
      ReductionOpT    reduction_op)
  {
      if (num_items < 0)
      {
          TestDispatch<KeyT, ValueT>(1,        reduction_op);
          TestDispatch<KeyT, ValueT>(100,      reduction_op);
          TestDispatch<KeyT, ValueT>(10000,    reduction_op);
          TestDispatch<KeyT, ValueT>(1000000,  reduction_op);
      }
      else
      {
          TestDispatch<KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, reduction_op);
      }
  
  }
  
  
  template <
      typename        KeyT,
      typename        ValueT>
  void TestOp(
      int             num_items)
  {
      TestSize<KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, cub::Sum());
      TestSize<KeyT, ValueT>(num_items, cub::Max());
  }
  
  
  
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Main
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  /**
   * Main
   */
  int main(int argc, char** argv)
  {
      int num_items           = -1;
      int entropy_reduction   = 0;
      int maxseg              = 1000;
  
      // Initialize command line
      CommandLineArgs args(argc, argv);
      g_verbose = args.CheckCmdLineFlag("v");
      args.GetCmdLineArgument("n", num_items);
      args.GetCmdLineArgument("i", g_timing_iterations);
      args.GetCmdLineArgument("repeat", g_repeat);
      args.GetCmdLineArgument("maxseg", maxseg);
      args.GetCmdLineArgument("entropy", entropy_reduction);
  
      // Print usage
      if (args.CheckCmdLineFlag("help"))
      {
          printf("%s "
              "[--n=<input items> "
              "[--i=<timing iterations> "
              "[--device=<device-id>] "
              "[--maxseg=<max segment length>]"
              "[--entropy=<segment length bit entropy reduction rounds>]"
              "[--repeat=<repetitions of entire test suite>]"
              "[--v] "
              "[--cdp]"
              "
  ", argv[0]);
          exit(0);
      }
  
      // Initialize device
      CubDebugExit(args.DeviceInit());
      printf("
  ");
  
      // Get ptx version
      int ptx_version;
      CubDebugExit(PtxVersion(ptx_version));
  
  #ifdef QUICKER_TEST
  
      // Compile/run basic CUB test
      if (num_items < 0) num_items = 32000000;
  
      TestPointer<CUB, int, double>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
      TestPointer<CUB, int, int>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
      TestIterator<CUB, int, int>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
  
  #elif defined(QUICK_TEST)
  
      // Compile/run quick tests
      if (num_items < 0) num_items = 32000000;
  
      printf("---- RLE int ---- 
  ");
      TestIterator<CUB, int, int>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
  
      printf("---- RLE long long ---- 
  ");
      TestIterator<CUB, long long, int>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
  
      printf("---- int ---- 
  ");
      TestPointer<CUB, int, int>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
      TestPointer<THRUST, int, int>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
  
      printf("---- float ---- 
  ");
      TestPointer<CUB, int, float>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
      TestPointer<THRUST, int, float>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
  
      if (ptx_version > 120)                          // Don't check doubles on PTX120 or below because they're down-converted
      {
          printf("---- double ---- 
  ");
          TestPointer<CUB, int, double>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
          TestPointer<THRUST, int, double>(num_items, entropy_reduction, maxseg, cub::Sum());
      }
  
  #else
  
      // Compile/run thorough tests
      for (int i = 0; i <= g_repeat; ++i)
      {
  
          // Test different input types
          TestOp<int, char>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, short>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, int>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, long>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, long long>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, float>(num_items);
          if (ptx_version > 120)                          // Don't check doubles on PTX120 or below because they're down-converted
              TestOp<int, double>(num_items);
  
          TestOp<int, uchar2>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, uint2>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, uint3>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, uint4>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, ulonglong4>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, TestFoo>(num_items);
          TestOp<int, TestBar>(num_items);
  
          TestOp<char, int>(num_items);
          TestOp<long long, int>(num_items);
          TestOp<TestFoo, int>(num_items);
          TestOp<TestBar, int>(num_items);
  
      }
  
  #endif
  
      return 0;
  }